Cone of confusion

The Extensive Definition of “Cone of Confusion”

The “cone of confusion” pertains to the area of airspace immediately above a VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) station where the instrument receives no signal. This region assumes a cone-like shape, which is responsible for causing the course deviation indicator (CDI) to fluctuate.

It is important to note that the CDI is an instrument found in an aircraft that shows the difference between the plane’s current course and the course of the selected radial transmitted by the VOR station.

The signal emitted by a VOR station sends out a rotating polarized radio wave, which a CDI interprets as a directional bearing. In the cone of confusion, the CDI is unable to distinguish any signal coming from the airborne VOR receiving system equipment.

The size and orientation of the cone of confusion can vary, depending on a variety of factors, including the strength and direction of the signal from the VOR station, the altitude of the aircraft, and its distance from the station. The geometry of the surrounding terrain can also affect the cone’s shape and size.

The cone of confusion is most noticeable when approaching a VOR station, where the CDI suddenly swings back and forth with no identifiable cause. It can cause confusion for pilots who may interpret the CDI’s erratic movement as a need to make significant adjustments to their aircraft’s course.

In conclusion, the cone of confusion is a significant factor to consider when navigating with a VOR system, as it can cause errors and misinterpretations without proper understanding. Having comprehensive knowledge of the cone’s extent and behavior can prevent any consequences that may arise from its presence.