P-Factor Definition
P-Factor is a phenomenon that occurs in aircraft where the descending propeller blade produces more thrust than the ascending blade, causing the aircraft to yaw to the left. This effect is more pronounced when the aircraft’s longitudinal axis is in a climbing attitude in relation to the relative wind. In simpler terms, P-Factor occurs due to asymmetric propeller disc loading.
When the aircraft is at a high nose up attitude, and the axis of the propeller’s rotation is not parallel to the direction of flight, the downward moving blade has a higher angle of attack than the upward moving blade. This difference in angle of attack causes the descending blade to produce more lift than the ascending blade, resulting in P-Factor.
If the aircraft has a propeller rotating counterclockwise, the P-Factor would be to the right. P-Factor can affect an aircraft’s handling, especially during takeoff and landing, and pilots need to be aware of this effect and compensate for it accordingly to maintain control of the plane.
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